Business Level Strategy Of Ford Motors Essay - 2239 Words

The business level strategy comprises of the business actions aimed at providing value to customers, the deployment of the business level strategies takes place within the scope of a particular individual markets for the company products. This paper discusses the business level strategies deployed by Ford Motors and how the company’s values can be better linked in order to create value for the company and how Ford Motors can place itself in terms of the five forces of competition. The business level strategy deployed by Ford Motors is the cost leadership strategy, which puts emphasis on operating at lower costs, but not essentially offering the lowest prices in the market (Haines 2004). Therefore, a firm can use such a position to reduce its prices in order to increase its market share or maintain the current prices and increase its revenue per unit items compared to its competitors. The principal idea of the low cost strategy is that cost and prices are not dependent, and the strategy puts a lot more emphasis on costs to achieve a status that it can use to foster competitive advantage or use lower costs to increase its profitability (Haines 2004). A cost leadership strategy is effective only if other competitors in the motor industry cannot imitate (Hill and Cronk 2010). The company is deploying strategies to significantly reduce its operational costs, which is a critical success factor for the business. This means that the firm has to make effective use of t he resources atShow MoreRelatedAssignment 3 - Business Level Corporate Level Strategies - Ford Motor Company2068 Words   |  9 PagesBusiness-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies – Ford Motor Company Strayer University BUS499, 14 February 2016 Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies – Ford Motor Company It all began in 1896 when Henry Ford built the Quadricycle that rode on four bicycle wheels, operated by a four-horsepower engine with only two forward gears and no reverse ability. Henry soon joined a group that founded the Detroit Automobile Company but left within one year and would soon incorporate the Ford Motor CompanyRead MoreFord Motor Company: An Analysis1805 Words   |  7 Pages1. Ford Motor Company engages in a number of business-level strategies. Three of the most important are where the company sells, where it produces, and what it produces. With respect to where Ford sells, it has chosen the strategy of being a global automobile company. The company outlines this strategy as a matrix with product strategy (what it produces). Fords geographic/product strategy matrix is as follows. The company operates around the world, selling in almost every country. It has specialRead MoreFord Motor Company And The American Geopolitics1324 Words   |  6 PagesFord Motor Company an d the American Geopolitics Name: Yixin Zhang ID: 1101494 Introduction Even in the most subliminal of forms, geopolitics has the capacity to impede the income generation ability of an organization. According to Munoz (2013), the essence of organizations to be consistently cognizant of geopolitics hinges on the need to mitigate the risks inherent to the operating environment. 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The company designs, develops, manufactures, and services cars and trucks across six continents. Furthermore, it divides its work between two main segments – an Automotive Segment and a Financial Services Segment. The Automotive Segment is in charge of marketing its products through worldwide retailers and distributors, as well as selling them to dealers or fleet customers. This sector also provides retailRead MoreIntroduction. As Part Of My Initial Assignment In Hrm 530,1213 Words   |  5 Pagesto present a thoughtful and on various aspects of Human Resource Strategy as it aligns with Business strategies. So as a result of this assignment, I will attempt to address the following issues in the order listed herein. The company that I have selected to explore these areas is The FORD Motor Company. I chose Ford primarily based on the current events that have reported that Ford will be opening more plants in the US. 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With Fords global marketing establishment, their great investments in alternative fuel sources and most importantly its commitment to diversity, community service and environmental responsibility served as a brilliant and strategic move on Ford Motors behalf. In his book The Ford Century, Russ Banham talked of the

Killing Animals Is A Normal Way Of Life - 1658 Words

For many, killing animals is a normal way of life. After all, animals are here on earth to eat right? I was raised to think just this way. In my family, we learned to hunt and fish at an early age. We have even produced a few hogs of our own to butcher. A life without meat seemed insane to the younger me. As I aged I got involved in 4-H, an agriculture program for kids. Children with the help of their parents raise and then sell animals such as pigs, chickens, turkeys, goats, rabbit, and cows at their local fairs. I spent eight years in this program starting at the age of nine. I was a freshman in high school when I got involved in FFA, another agriculture program but for teenagers. I learned the ins and outs of the agriculture†¦show more content†¦This makes hogs the more efficient choice to produce for our consumption. Now, of course, I have never eaten a dog. That would go against the American norm, but I definitely make it a point to ask people why they choo se one but not the other. As a senior in high school, I did a research essay on the treatment of animals in the meat industry. After my findings, I strongly considered becoming a vegetarian but never made the steps to. It is now two years after I graduated high school and I am questioning the world more now than ever. I have heard of new studies showing that eating meat is not just harming innocent animals. It s harming humans and the environment as a whole. Over the past year, I have been trying to reduce my footprint on this earth. After hearing a few shocking facts, it was enough to push me to the next step to becoming a vegetarian. Since at the moment I am going off a few facts, I wanted to dig further and find the truth. I want to know is the meat industry harming our environment? I am ready to uncover the hidden negativities of this industry and find out if the good outweighs the bad. A staggering 80 percent of the deforestation has been caused by agriculture. I have always known that a whopping 71 percent of the earth s surface is made up of water, leaving 29 percent as a land surface. This made me wonder how much of the land is used for agriculture? Ann

The Art of Ballet Free Essays

The art of ballet started out as a fun dance for the wealthy and throughout history, has evolved into an elegant, world wide form of structured expression. From its beginnings in European cultures to its now widespread and diverse variations, ballet shows no signs of slowing down in popularity any time soon. Early ballet was influenced by the social dancing of its day, ballroom dancing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of Ballet or any similar topic only for you Order Now This art was born when the ancient Greek and Roman renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries took place, reviving an interest in all things human and the arts. The word â€Å"ballet† derives from the Italian word â€Å"balla,† meaning dance. In the Italian city-states of the fifteenth century, many â€Å"balli† meaning â€Å"dances† were held. The ballis involved specific steps that our generation would classify as ballroom steps. Ballet got much recognition when Louis XIV ascended to the throne of France. He came from an arts school where he studied the arts of fencing, music, and dance. His passion for dance was very serious. So serious in fact, that he established the Academic Royale de Danse in 1661, employing 13 ballet instructors. Another well –known founder of ballet is Jean-Georgeos Noverre, also known as the â€Å"Shakespeare of Dance†. He argued for a new, more expressive form of ballet. He created ballet d’action, meaning ballet with out instruments. The Romantic Period played a very important role in the development of women in ballet. This period began in the early eighteen-hundreds. The milestones accomplished within this time period included large female background dancers to accompany the prima ballerina, the lightening of female costumes, and women dancing en pointe. Dancing en pointe, turn out, and the basic five ballet positions exemplify ballet, and are now standard for all ballerinas. The next step on the road to modern ballet is the formation of classical ballet. While the first production of the ballet known as La Sylphide took place in Paris and most famous ballerinas of the day were still coming from Italy, the second half of the nineteenth century saw the axis of the ballet world shift from Western Europe to Russia. However, a Frenchman was responsible for this shift. Marius Petita created five of ballet’s greatest classics in the late nineteenth century: Don Quixote, La Bayadere, The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker, as well as restaging Giselle and La Coppelia. All of these classics share common similarities marking them as the trademarks of what is now regarded as the classical repertoire. They generally begin with group dances and evolved into complex stories between two or three main characters. The grand pas de deux, meaning big step for two, commonly begins with an adagio (slow, lyrical dance) between a male and a female dancer. The dance includes high extensions of the woman’s legs, multiple pirouettes, and big leaps forming a long straight line with the female’s legs in the air. Following the adagio is the allegro. This portion is merely a solo showcase of the male dancer’s ability and strength across the stage. An allegro for a ballerina features softer, yet intricate footwork and pirouettes. Finally, we have the coda, or finale, which reunites the dancers in an exuberant flourish. During that time period, three schools of classical ballet emerged. The French school is the oldest of the three. Known for its grace and elegance rather than its technical virtuosity, the French school was nevertheless held in high regard. The Italian school was known for its dexterity, difficulty of its steps, high leaps, and multiple turns. Lastly there was the Russian school. The Russian school was basically a hybrid of the prior schools. This school was held in high esteem due to its combination of serene elegance, breathtaking choreography, and the most complete and well-developed technique in all of ballet. The Russian ballet school slowly led the movement of ballet throughout the world and is responsible for how far ballet has grown. While Petipa’s traditional romantic style still held sway over Europe and Russia, Isadora Duncan, a freethinking American brought a completely new aesthetic to the stage. She believed in a more â€Å"anit-ballet† view of dance. She believed ballet was elitist and superficial. Duncan started a form of dance that was quite the opposite of what ballet was known for. This style of dance would be natural, free, and unbounded by rules. Duncan took her dancing on the road, touring through Europe and Russia alone, barefoot, and dressed in long tunics. The traditional aspect of her performance was the music she danced to, which was mostly Mendelssohn, Beethoven, and Chopin. She had many enemies, but with every enemy she gained, there were hundreds who thought her dramatic expression was lively and wquite enjoyable. Through the next few years, modern dancers began to fuse ballet with their own expressive movements. Also, ballet choreographers began incorporating modern techniques into their dances. As time moved forward, so did the swift evolution of ballet. Cultures took the basics and made it their own and by the late 1970’s , many classical ballet companies started incorporating modern steps into its repertoire and hiring modern choreographers to construct distinctive works on its own dancers. It is evident that as the world changes and its people continue to gain knowledge about their surroundings, the art of ballet will continue to spark interest and develop creativity in many people aspiring to gain the technique of the craft. How to cite The Art of Ballet, Essay examples

Critique Of Article Positive Accounting Theory †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critique Of Article Positive Accounting Theory. Answer: Introduction The topic deliberated in this critique is shortcomings observed in accounting practice which has fell short of the dominant cosmic positivist research program. The central purpose of this critique is to appraise censoriously the Paul V Dunmores Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. This will demonstrate the influence of inadequacies in practice in attaining the potential of the authoritative extensive positive accounting theory research program (Bertomeu, Darrough and Xue 2017). The main thesis is that without satisfactory practice in PAT research program, the prospective dominant comprehensive positivist research program shall be unachievable (Christie 2007). Paul held that the present-day practice in PAT seems extremely unreserved of escalating the scientific purposes. It is furthermore maintained that apart from the discrepancies in practice of accounting, normal science as pronounced by Kuhn presents a foundation and a background anchored on Kuhns crisis besides insurgence because it remains probable to release PAT to realize its desirable potential. The assessment adopts the succeeding structure to lavishly seizure the leading argument avowed above (Watts and Zimmerman 2010). The first subsection stretches the transitory summary of the article by focusing primarily on the foremost argument of this paper. This section will encompass of the articles aim, overal findings and theoretical argument along with contribution. The second subsection digs bottomless into research question. This subcategory will principally ascertain the research question or hypothesis offered in the article. It will further discuss hypothesis or the research questions value as acknowledged and explain whether besides how such a hypothesis or research question run from the review of literature (Dunmore 2011). The third segment stipulates the theoretical framework in which the appreciation and discussion of the framework is featured along with articles theoretical substance that informed the aspect of this research. In the fourth subsection, a lengthy deliberation of limitation and significance of the article is presented. Literature is used here to converse the shortages of the theory and the methodological tactic espoused. Whether the researcher has respected such dimness and whether the investigator has made deductions admissible studies by the based on the assumed methodology is validated. It is demonstrated whether the acknowledged shortfalls have influenced substance and contribution of the article with respect to the accounting profession based on the findings established vis--vis the study method. The last segment delivers a short-lived deduction and summaries the vital facts and highlights their insinuation for this critique. Summary The article being critiqued was written by Paul V Dunmores Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. The article fundamentally discusses the PAT research program as concocted by Watts and Zimmerman. This claim was staked by the Watts and Zimmerman to the Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) for their assumed theory. The scholar pursued the scrutiny of the positive methodology to the accounting research. Paul perceived PAT research program as integral component wide-ranging knowledgeable project of scientific research. This program is sought to fathom besides comprehend the cause and effect association in the indispensable research world. The author has subsequently regarded PAT in the wider perspective of research program that aims at the development of causal amplification of the behavior of human under context of accounting (Volovski et al. 2017). Paul has further performed an analysis of epistemology alongside ontology of positivist accounting program (Watts and Zimmerman 2012). Numerous tests encompassing logic of statistical hypothesis whereas superficially equivalent to fabrication standard of Popper have further been recognized as inferior. Paul has further recognized that notwithstanding the comprehensive positivist research program being potentially powerful, the shortages in practice obstructs the apprehension of its jam-packed potential (Williams 2009). The widespread occurrences hindering the PAT program have likewise been documented besides the casual creation of theoretical models that necessitates testing as well as unwarranted reliance on logic hypothesis testing (Roth, Suldo and Ferron 2017). Nonexistence of interest in statistical value of parameters together with insufficient replication to permit confidence in determining the reception have supplementary been recognized as shared incapacitations (Dunmore 2011). By means of theories as standards for investigating alongside assessing qualitative data rather than as intensifications for tests is an additionally shared challenge fronting PAT program. The researcher has additionally considered evidence from pertinent alongside trustworthy articles for the authentication of the views presented in this article (Christie 2007). The scholar has additionally brush up the broader well-informed project alongside both epistemological ontological assumptions to comprehend the both the significance and discrepancies of PAT research. The assessment uncovered solemn nonappearances in the manner that PAT study is consummated that impedes PAT from recording eloquent influence to the extensive project (Fleischman et al. 2017). Paul foreshadowed that the present practice in accounting leaves PAT with considerable clumsiness to reach the envisioned scientific purposes. Though, Paul displayed self-confident that Kuhns illumination of the normal science competently fits the PAT research (Kim et al. 201). The predictions of Kuhns story are clarified in brief based on Kuhnian crisis together with insurgence. It is believed that such a crux as well as insurgence is repressed to unlock the PAT accordingly achieving its jammed potential (Pandey et al. 2017). Question/Hypothesis Paul has employed numerous hypotheses together with research questions that and explained that he is never declaring their truth, but rather just exploratory for an enthusiastic postponement of incredulity to permit their corresponding discussion. Four hypotheses have been provided by Paul and developed impartially uncertainly, mindful that for numerous of human being, they could have remained imagined disgraceful and immoral and that apparently an inordinate percentage of humanity could endure to discern the same. Hypotheses Include: The intelligent enquiry devotes to use observations to achieve an understanding of this world, and exactly of causation. This implies that folks seek out mental models that precisely map the process of causal that happen in such a world This worlds events have causes that are independently component of the world which imply that neither fully random nor the results of the interventions from outside world It is feasible for normal folks to obtain fairly dependable information concerning the events of the world via cautious observation. This, however, does not imply that persons will never be mistaken when observing, but rather such annotations are not ever exclusively unrelated to such a world A realm that is self-sufficient of imagination of people exist that was never constituted by individuals and its events are not subject to the aspirations of people control Research questions Include: In what way does PAT research used currently in accounting practice? To what level does the shortfalls in the PAT research implementation induced the incompetence of PAT research program than predicted? Theoretical Framework A theoretical framework assumed by Paul evolved from a positivist position of a displeased hypothetical physicist whose accounting research stayed positivist emphasizing either model testing/ building. The disapprovals of the author, consequently, dedicated the position of an individual discriminating that the study arrangement is amazing, however distressed by the unskilled and unfertile diversities that are currently practiced in accounting. Paul used this understanding to instinct both editors besides referees to prefer such arrangements to shove the modern arrangements towards the deliverance of PAT research to realize the wanted prospective. Paul articles theoretical substance, therefore, builds on the acknowledgment from the literature review on auditing that serious shortages exist in the contemporary practice in accounting research thereby hampering PAT research program from making a substance influence to the wider project. This is meant to establishing positive accounting research as a well-established social system to donate to the project of scientific research (Fleischman et al. 2017). It is anchored on the realization that adopting findings of Kuhn (1970) study would be despondent to influence elites to cuddle a more than ever operative paradigm. The scholar additionally recognizes an amnesty offered by the data that emerged from Fogarty and Markarian (2007) which hinted at elites comparative stance being diminishing. Consequently, the Paul anticipated forthcoming future crisis and the opportunity for the assumption of a more than ever beneficial paradigm. The author consecutively hinged his argument on the provision of suggestions for undertakings by editors alongside referees to elbow the contemporary systems towards redemptive PAT study to realize its expected potential. The author is well-versed by the gratitude that it remained significant to acknowledge the Modus Operandi of the world and later considered it as the inappropriateness that the connected study channel is unfertile and ineffective, and, henceforth, Paul has delivered certain suggestions for advancement. Limitation And Significance The systematic review of available literature on auditing via the qualitative technique assumed in this investigation is devoted to certain limitations or inadequacies. A probability of carrying onward certain errors and liabilities made by preceding investigators into the modern study is high labels one of such limitations. Furthermore, the technique limits the building of fresh results since there is no chance to collect the primary data where secondary data is used which did not capture the differences professionally. Another limitation in the theory assumed in this study is the lack of theoretical models that are tremendously specified and, therefore, it is vulnerable to permit thorough testing. Paul has documented these boundaries by signifying the need for healthier theoretical models. This suggestion arises from the backdrop of the emerging sumptuous models from analytical research that are never framed to be testable due to their unsatisfactory development alongside concentration on tractability hinged on concepts that are never meritoriously well-defined theoretically to allow operationalization (Watts and Zimmerman 2012). Paul has further recognized the absenteeism of better measurements to allow demanding testing of theoretical models because of failed concepts operationalization. Another limitation admitted is the nonexistence of homogenous reliable linear relationship-oriented manner to be espoused in measuring each study. The recurrent parameters re-invention of measurement as well as re-estimation with individual sample per study has also been recognized as the drawback to positive research from achieving its bursting potential (Franco and Roach 2017). The author has efficaciously haggard theoretical implications from the investigation which are defensible methodologically. This is for the reason that the confines have been recognized from the previous auditing literature systematic review that have consequently precast the foundation for suggesting improvements to permit PAT research to achieve its overflowing prospective. The suggested need for endless fluctuation emphasis away from the hypotheses testing in the direction of parameters estimation after being well-versed by the concentration of hypothesis testing from the preceding reviewed literature (Faff et al. 2017). The precincts have meaningfully censoriously biased the insinuation of the study even though they have concomitantly unreservedly disadvantaged the contribution of the article to the accounting practice. This is caused by the awkwardness in methodology together with theories in the article that did not avail chance that present dependable results, nevertheless, the accounting is better going forward by suggesting recommendation that are indispensable to describe subsequent study to sanction PAT study to recognize its jam-packed package. Conclusion The scholar has unearthed that models which are tremendously specified and, hence, exceptionally defenseless, besides being undertaken extremely as thorough testing subjects are required (Baiman 2010). Paul has further accredited that unacceptable progress is ongoing in positive accounting research as a straight repercussion of using ad hoc quantitative models which are weakened to mere statements of the expected sign of a linking between two variables (Volovski et al. 2017). There is a need for effective measurement to enhance the testing of theoretical models rigorously by carefully operationalizing the concepts (Baiman 2010). The author calls for augmented courtesy towards choosing accurate practical form. The critiques implications, therefore, is that positive researchs limitations have been recognized and counteractive schemes for upgrading suggested. Adopting these improvements will make positive research achieve its jam-packed potential. References Baiman, S., 2010. Agency research in managerial accounting: A second look. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 15(4), pp.341-371. Bertomeu, J., Darrough, M. and Xue, W., 2017. Optimal conservatism with earnings manipulation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), pp.252-284. Christie, A.A., 2007. On cross-sectional analysis in accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9(3), pp.231-258. Dillard, J. and Vinnari, E., 2017. A case study of critique: Critical perspectives on critical accounting. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 43, pp.88-109. Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Available at SSRN 1955419. Dunmore, P.V., 2011. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Faff, R.W., Carrick, R., Chen, A., Escobar, M., Khong, B.X.M., Nguyen, B.H. and Tunny, W., 2017. Fantasy Pitching III: UQ Summer Research Scholarsthe Role of'Money'in the 21st Century. Fleischman, G.M., Stephenson, T., Walker, K.B. and Cook, K.A., 2017. Factors that Influence Accounting Faculty Career Satisfaction: Comparisons by Program Prestige and Tenure Status. Accounting Horizons. Franco, A. and Roach, S.S., 2017. Factors That Determine Accounting Anxiety Among Users of English as a Second Language Within an International MBA Program. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 16(1). Kim, H.J., Min, A., Im, S.A., Jang, H., Lee, K.H., Lau, A., Lee, M., Kim, S., Yang, Y., Kim, J. and Kim, T.Y., 2017. Anti?tumor activity of the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. International Journal of Cancer, 140(1), pp.109-119. Pandey, S.K., Pandey, S., Breslin, R.A. and Broadus, E.D., 2017. Public Service Motivation Research Program: Key Challenges and Future Prospects. Roth, R.A., Suldo, S.M. and Ferron, J.M., 2017. Improving Middle School Students' Subjective Well-Being: Efficacy of a Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention Targeting Small Groups of Youth. School Psychology Review. Volovski, M., Murillo-Hoyos, J., Saeed, T.U. and Labi, S., 2017. Estimation of Routine Maintenance Expenditures for Highway Pavement Segments: Accounting for Heterogeneity Using Random-Effects Models. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, p.04017006. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2010. Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. Accounting review, pp.131-156. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2012. Positive accounting theory. Williams, P.F., 2009. The logic of positive accounting research. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 14(5), pp.455-468.